Access the latest NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Chapter-5: Mineral and Energy Resources, updated for 2024-2025. Solution is designed to help students tackle difficult questions with ease. The content is written in simple, easy-to-understand language.
Exercise
Choose the right answers of the following from the given options:
(i) In which one of the following States are the major oil fields located?
(a)Assam
(b) Bihar
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Tamil Nadu
Answer: (a) Assam
(ii) At which one of the following places was the first atomic power station started?
(a) Kalpakkam
(b) Narora
(c) Rana Pratap Sagar
(d)Tarapur
Answer: (d) Tarapur
(iii) Which one of the following is a nonrenewable source of energy?
(a) Hydel
(b) Solar
(c)Thermal
(d) Wind power
Answer: (c) Thermal
Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Give an account of the distribution of mica in India.
India is one of the largest producers of mica. The major mica producing areas are in Jharkhand (Hazaribagh plateau), Andhra Pradesh (Nellore district), and Rajasthan (Jaipur to Bhilwara). Other significant areas include West Bengal and Tamil Nadu.
(ii) What is nuclear power? Mention the important nuclear power stations in India.
Nuclear power is energy produced through nuclear reactions, particularly fission. Important nuclear power stations in India include Tarapur (Maharashtra), Rawatbhata (Rajasthan), Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu), Narora (Uttar Pradesh), and Kaiga (Karnataka).
(iii) Name nonferrous metals. Discuss their spatial distribution.
Nonferrous metals include copper, bauxite, and zinc. Copper is found in Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Bauxite is concentrated in Odisha, Gujarat, and Chhattisgarh. Zinc is primarily found in Rajasthan (Zawar mines).
(vi) What are nonconventional sources of energy?
Nonconventional sources of energy are renewable and eco friendly. They include solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, and biomass. These sources are sustainable and help in reducing environmental pollution.
Answer the following questions in about 150 words:
(i) Write a detailed note on the Petroleum resources of India.
India’s petroleum resources are mainly concentrated in Assam, Gujarat, and the Mumbai High offshore region. The first oil field in India was discovered in Digboi, Assam. Major oil fields in Assam include Digboi, Naharkatiya, and Moran. Gujarat’s significant oil fields include Ankaleshwar, Kalol, and Mehsana. The Mumbai High field, located offshore in the Arabian Sea, is the largest oil producing area in India. In recent years, oil reserves have also been found in the KrishnaGodavari basin and the Cauvery basin along the eastern coast. India’s petroleum production is crucial for its energy needs, and refining industries are located across the country, processing crude oil into usable products.
(ii) Write an essay on hydel power in India.
Hydel power or hydroelectric power is generated by harnessing the potential energy of water stored in dams. India has vast potential for hydropower due to its extensive river systems. Major hydropower projects include the Bhakra Nangal project on the Sutlej River, the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi River, and the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River. Hydroelectric power contributes significantly to India’s renewable energy sources and is a clean, sustainable way of producing electricity. The government has emphasized developing this sector as part of its renewable energy initiatives. However, hydropower projects also face challenges such as environmental concerns and displacement of local populations.
Other Important Short answer Type Questions
Here are some important short answer type questions based on Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources of NCERT Class 12, along with answers, which are useful for NCERT exams and UPSC:
1.What are the main types of minerals found in India?
India has two main categories of minerals:
- Metallic minerals (e.g., iron ore, copper) are further divided into ferrous (iron containing) and nonferrous minerals (non iron).
- Nonmetallic minerals (e.g., mica, limestone) include fossil fuels and other inorganic substances.
2.Where are India’s coal reserves mainly located?
India’s coal reserves are mainly located in:
- Damodar, Sone, Mahanadi, and Godavari valleys.
- The majority (97%) of coal reserves are found in these areas.
3.Explain the importance of iron ore in India’s industrial development.
Iron ore is critical for:
- Metallurgical industries as it provides the base for iron and steel production.
- Major iron ore reserves are found inOdisha, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh, making India one of the largest producers in Asia.
4.Where is the majority of India’s oil reserves found?
India’s petroleum reserves are concentrated in:
- Assam, Gujarat, and Mumbai High (offshore Arabian Sea).
- New reserves are found inKrishnaGodavari and Kaveri basins.
5.What are nonconventional energy sources? Name a few.
Nonconventional energy sources are renewable, inexhaustible resources that include: Solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass energy.
6.Describe the distribution of bauxite in India.
Bauxite, the ore for aluminum production, is primarily found in: Odisha (leading producer),Jharkhand, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, andMaharashtra.
7.What is the significance of monazite in India?
Monazite is crucial because it contains thorium, used in nuclear energy production. Major deposits are located inKerala, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha.
8.What role does solar energy play in India’s energy future?
Solar energy is seen as a cost effective and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional energy. It has high potential inGujarat and Rajasthan and is widely used in appliances like heaters and cookers.
9.Which regions in India are rich in copper deposits?
India’s copper reserves are mainly found in: Jharkhand (Singhbhum district),Madhya Pradesh (Balaghat), andRajasthan (Jhunjhunu and Alwar districts).
10.What is lignite coal, and where is it found in India?
Lignite, a type of brown coal, is a lower grade coal used for power generation. Major deposits are found in: Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and parts of Jammu and Kashmir.
MCQs: Mineral and Energy Resources
Based on the analysis of Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources from the NCERT Class 12 Geography book, here are 20 MCQs that have been asked in previous years’ NCERT exams and UPSC:
1.Which of the following states is the largest producer of bauxite in India?
a) Jharkhand
b) Odisha
c) Gujarat
d) Madhya Pradesh
2.Where are India’s major petroleum reserves found?
a) Damodar Valley
b) Kaveri Basin
c) KrishnaGodavari Basin
d) Mumbai High
3.What is the primary use of manganese in India?
a) Jewelry
b) Cement production
c) Smelting of iron ore
d) Fertilizer manufacturing
4.Which mineral is referred to as ‘liquid gold’ due to its importance and scarcity?
a) Gold
b) Petroleum
c) Natural gas
d) Uranium
5.Which one of the following regions has the richest monazite deposits?
a) Kerala
b) Gujarat
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Andhra Pradesh
6.Which is the largest iron ore producing state in India?
a) Karnataka
b) Odisha
c) Chhattisgarh
d) Jharkhand
7.The Neyveli Lignite mines are located in which Indian state?
a) Tamil Nadu
b) Gujarat
c) Odisha
d) West Bengal
8.In which one of the following places was the first atomic power station started?
a) Kalpakkam
b) Rana Pratap Sagar
c) Narora
d) Tarapur
9.Which one of the following is a nonrenewable source of energy?
a) Hydel
b) Wind power
c) Thermal
d) Solar
10.Which mineral is mainly used in the electrical and electronic industries?
a) Mica
b) Bauxite
c) Copper
d) Limestone
11.India’s largest coal reserves are located in which valley?
a) Damodar Valley
b) Godavari Valley
c) Mahanadi Valley
d) Sone Valley
12.Which state has the highest reserves of iron ore in India?
a) Chhattisgarh
b) Karnataka
c) Odisha
d) Goa
13.In which region is the majority of India’s copper reserves found?
a) Singhbhum district, Jharkhand
b) Kolar district, Karnataka
c) Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra
d) Salem district, Tamil Nadu
14.Which mineral is used for the production of aluminum?
a) Mica
b) Bauxite
c) Limestone
d) Gypsum
15.Which of the following states is a major producer of petroleum in India?
a) Gujarat
b) West Bengal
c) Rajasthan
d) Bihar
16.Which mineral fuel is known as ‘fossil fuel’?
a) Petroleum
b) Uranium
c) Thorium
d) Coal
17.Which of the following is the major natural gas producing basin in India?
a) Cambay Basin
b) KrishnaGodavari Basin
c) Assam Basin
d) Ganga Basin
18.The production of which mineral is concentrated in the Chota Nagpur Plateau?
a) Mica
b) Limestone
c) Iron ore
d) Bauxite
19.What percentage of India’s coal production comes from the Gondwana coalfields?
a) 60%
b) 70%
c) 80%
d) 90%
20.Which mineral is referred to as ‘ferrous’ because it contains iron?
a) Copper
b) Iron ore
c) Mica
d) Bauxite
Answers:
1. b) Odisha
2. d) Mumbai High
3. c) Smelting of iron ore
4. b) Petroleum
5. a) Kerala
6. b) Odisha
7. a) Tamil Nadu
8. d) Tarapur
9. c) Thermal
10. a) Mica
11. a) Damodar Valley
12. c) Odisha
13. a) Singhbhum district, Jharkhand
14. b) Bauxite
15. a) Gujarat
16. d) Coal
17. b) KrishnaGodavari Basin
18. c) Iron ore
19. c) 80%
20. b) Iron ore
Other Chapter
| Chapter 1:- POPULATION: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition | Chapter 2:- HUMAN SETTLEMENTS |
| Chapter 3:- LAND RESOURCES AND AGRICULTURE | Chapter 4:– WATER RESOURCES |
| Chapter 6:- PLANNING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIAN CONTEXT | Chapter 7:- TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION |
| Chapter 8:- INTERNATIONAL TRADE | Chapter 9:- GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS |
