Access the latest NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Chapter-6: Manufacturing Industries, updated for 2024-2025. Solution is designed to help students tackle difficult questions with ease. The content is written in simple, easy-to-understand language.
Exercise
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
a) Aluminum Smelting
b) Cement
c) Paper
d) Steel
Answer: a) Aluminum Smelting
(ii) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computers, etc.?
a) Steel
b) Electronic
c) Aluminum Smelting
d) Information Technology
Answer: b) Electronic
Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words
(i) What is manufacturing?
Manufacturing is the process of converting raw materials into more valuable finished products through industrial processes. For example, aluminum from bauxite and paper from wood.
(ii) What are basic industries? Give an example.
Basic industries provide raw materials for other industries. For example, the iron and steel industry supplies materials to the automobile and construction sectors.
Write the answers of the following questions in 120 words
(i) How do industries pollute the environment?
Industries pollute the environment in multiple ways:
- Air Pollution: Emission of harmful gases like sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter from factories.
- Water Pollution: Discharge of toxic chemicals, dyes, and heavy metals into water bodies from industries like paper mills, tanneries, and refineries.
- Land Pollution: Dumping of industrial waste, chemicals, and nonbiodegradable materials, contaminating the soil.
- Noise Pollution: Generated by factory machinery, construction activities, and equipment like generators and saws.
(ii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry.
- Reuse and recycle water in industrial processes to reduce water consumption.
- Harvest rainwater to meet water requirements.
- Treat effluents before releasing them into water bodies.
- Switch to cleaner fuels such as gas or oil instead of coal.
- Install pollution control devices like electrostatic precipitators in factories.
- Implement green belts around industrial areas to maintain ecological balance.
- Adopt energy efficient technologies and follow environmental regulations strictly.
Other Important Short answer Type Questions
Here are important short answer type questions (with answers) from Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries of the NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook. These questions are designed based on previous trends from NCERT and UPSC examinations.
Important Short Answer Questions from Chapter 6 (Manufacturing Industries)
1. What is meant by manufacturing?
Answer: Manufacturing is the process of producing goods in large quantities by transforming raw materials into more valuable finished products. Examples include the production of paper from wood, sugar from sugarcane, and textiles from yarn.
2. Why is the manufacturing sector considered the backbone of economic development?
Answer: The manufacturing sector is essential because:
- It reduces dependency on agriculture by generating employment in secondary and tertiary sectors.
- It boosts trade by exporting manufactured goods and earning foreign exchange.
- It helps eradicate poverty and unemployment by promoting industrial growth.
- It drives modernization in agriculture through agro-industries.
3. How do industries support agriculture in India?
Answer: Industries help agriculture by:
- Providing farm equipment like pumps, tools, and machinery.
- Supplying fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides to improve crop production.
- Offering packaging and storage solutions, reducing postharvest losses.
4. What are the factors responsible for the location of the cotton textile industry?
Answer: The main factors are:
- Availability of raw cotton
- Moist climate needed for spinning
- Skilled labor and accessible markets
- Good transport infrastructure, including ports
5. Why did the cotton textile industry suffer during the British period?
Answer: During the British period, India’s traditional cotton industry declined because it could not compete with cheap, mill made cloth imported from England.
6. What is the difference between public sector and private sector industries?
Answer:
- Public Sector Industries: Owned and operated by the government (e.g., BHEL, SAIL).
- Private Sector Industries: Owned by individuals or companies (e.g., TISCO, Reliance Industries).
7. What are mineral based industries? Give examples.
Answer:
- Mineral Based industries use minerals and metals as raw materials. Examples include:
- Iron and Steel Industry: Uses iron ore.
- Cement Industry: Uses limestone.
8. What is the significance of the iron and steel industry?
Answer: The iron and steel industry is vital because it provides raw materials for many other industries, such as engineering, construction, and manufacturing of consumer goods.
9. Why has the sugar industry shifted from northern to southern India?
Answer: The sugar industry has shifted due to:
- Higher sucrose content in sugarcane grown in southern states.
- Longer crushing seasons due to favorable climate.
- Better managed cooperative factories in the south.
10. What are agro-based industries? Provide examples.
Answer: Agro-Based industries use agricultural products as raw materials. Examples include:
- Cotton Textile Industry: Uses raw cotton.
- Sugar Industry: Uses sugarcane.
11. Why is aluminum preferred over other metals for industrial use?
Answer: Aluminum is preferred because:
- It is lightweight and resistant to corrosion.
- It is a good conductor of heat and electricity.
- It is strong when mixed with other metals.
12. What role does the automobile industry play in India’s economy?
Answer: The automobile industry provides transport solutions, generates employment, and encourages the growth of ancillary industries, such as tyre and battery manufacturing.
13. What are the environmental issues caused by industries?
Answer: Industries cause:
- Air Pollution: Emission of harmful gases from factories.
- Water Pollution: Release of chemical wastes into rivers.
- Land Degradation: Dumping of solid waste and chemicals.
- Noise Pollution: Use of heavy machinery and equipment.
14. What measures can industries take to reduce environmental degradation?
Answer: Industries can:
- Use eco-friendly technologies and equipment.
- Treat wastewater before discharge.
- Reduce emissions by using cleaner fuels.
- Implement recycling processes.
15. Why is NTPC known for environmental management?
Answer: NTPC (National Thermal Power Corporation) is known for:
- Using ash recycling and waste management.
- Promoting green belts for ecological balance.
- Adopting ISO certified environmental management systems (EMS).
16. What are the types of pollution caused by industrial activities?
Answer: Industries cause:
- Air Pollution: From smoke and emissions.
- Water Pollution: From chemical discharge.
- Land Pollution: From waste dumping.
- Noise Pollution: From factory equipment.
17. What are light industries? Provide examples.
Answer: Light industries use lightweight raw materials and produce consumer goods. Examples:
- Textile Industry (clothes and fabrics)
- Electronics Industry (mobile phones and computers)
18. What is the importance of the information technology (IT) industry in India?
Answer: The IT industry plays a crucial role in:
- Generating employment and boosting exports.
- Promoting digital infrastructure.
- Positioning India as a global IT hub with cities like Bengaluru leading.
19. What are petrochemical industries? Give examples of their products.
Answer: Petrochemical industries use petroleum as a raw material. Examples include:
- Plastic Products
- Synthetic Fibers
- Pharmaceuticals
20. What are the main challenges faced by manufacturing industries in India?
Answer: The main challenges include:
- High production costs and outdated technology.
- Environmental regulations and pollution control.
- Competition in international markets.
MCQs: Manufacturing Industries
Here are 20 multiple choice questions (MCQs) with answers based on Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries from the NCERT Class 10 Geography textbook. These questions cover topics relevant to Class 10 exams and UPSC prelims, ensuring alignment with commonly asked themes.
MCQs on Manufacturing Industries (NCERT Class 10, Chapter 6)
1. Which industry is known as the backbone of industrial development?
a) Cement industry
b) Textile industry
c) Iron and steel industry
d) Sugar industry
Answer: c) Iron and steel industry
2. Which industry uses bauxite as a raw material?
a) Steel
b) Cement
c) Aluminum smelting
d) Paper
Answer: c) Aluminum smelting
3. Which state is a leading producer of jute textiles in India?
a) Maharashtra
b) Tamil Nadu
c) West Bengal
d) Karnataka
Answer: c) West Bengal
4. Which raw material is essential for the cement industry?
a) Limestone
b) Bauxite
c) Copper
d) Coal
Answer: a) Limestone
5. Which sector includes small scale industries?
a) Primary sector
b) Secondary sector
c) Tertiary sector
d) Quaternary sector
Answer: b) Secondary sector
6. Which type of industry produces goods for direct consumption?
a) Basic industries
b) Consumer industries
c) Public sector industries
d) Agrobased industries
Answer: b) Consumer industries
7. Which city is known as the electronic capital of India?
a) Mumbai
b) Hyderabad
c) Bengaluru
d) Chennai
Answer: c) Bengaluru
8. What is the major reason for the shift of sugar industries to southern India?
a) Higher production of raw sugarcane
b) Cooler climate and higher sucrose content in cane
c) Better transportation facilities
d) Proximity to ports for export
Answer: b) Cooler climate and higher sucrose content in cane
9. Which industry is considered the largest consumer of chemicals?
a) Electronics industry
b) Chemical industry
c) Textile industry
d) Fertilizer industry
Answer: b) Chemical industry
10. Which public sector company is a major player in power production in India?
a) NTPC
b) TISCO
c) BHEL
d) ONGC
Answer: a) NTPC
11. Which of the following industries is seasonal in nature?
a) Textile industry
b) Sugar industry
c) Cement industry
d) Iron and steel industry
Answer: b) Sugar industry
12. Which industry is referred to as the ‘Golden Fiber’ industry?
a) Cotton textile
b) Jute textile
c) Woolen textile
d) Silk textile
Answer: b) Jute textile
13. Which industry manufactures transistors and telecom equipment?
a) Automobile industry
b) Electronic industry
c) IT industry
d) Cement industry
Answer: b) Electronic industry
14. Which region in India has the highest concentration of iron and steel industries?
a) Western Ghats
b) Chhota Nagpur Plateau
c) Thar Desert
d) Indo-Gangetic Plains
Answer: b) Chhota Nagpur Plateau
15. Which Indian city is known for automobile manufacturing?
a) Pune
b) Kolkata
c) Lucknow
d) Ahmedabad
Answer: a) Pune
16. Which industry produces goods such as fertilizers, plastics, and pharmaceuticals?
a) IT industry
b) Automobile industry
c) Chemical industry
d) Textile industry
Answer: c) Chemical industry
17. What is the major environmental hazard caused by industries?
a) Deforestation
b) Air, water, and noise pollution
c) Overgrazing
d) Earthquakes
Answer: b) Air, water, and noise pollution
18. Which industry is both energy efficient and eco friendly?
a) Automobile industry
b) Cement industry
c) Solar power industry
d) Textile industry
Answer: c) Solar power industry
19. Which energy source powers the NTPC thermal plants?
a) Natural gas
b) Solar energy
c) Coal
d) Nuclear energy
Answer: c) Coal
20. Which industrial sector experienced significant growth due to liberalization in India?
a) Mining industry
b) IT and electronics industry
c) Iron and steel industry
d) Sugar industry
Answer: b) IT and electronics industry
Other Chapter
| Chapter 1:- Resources and Development | Chapter 2:- Forest and Wildlife Resources |
| Chapter 3:- Water Resources | Chapter 4:- Agriculture |
| Chapter 5:- Mineral and Energy Resources | Chapter 7:- Lifeline of National Economy |
