Peaks Island is a beautiful and historic island located in Casco Bay, Maine, just 3 miles (4.8 km) from downtown Portland. Known as the most populous island in the bay, it serves as both a year-round home and a popular summer retreat. Whether you’re interested in its rich history, natural beauty, or close-knit community, Peaks Island has something to offer everyone.
A Quick Overview of Peaks Island
- Location: 3 miles (4.8 km) off Portland, Maine
- Population: Around 900 year-round residents; 2,000–4,000 summer visitors
- Key Features: Ferry service, local businesses, Battery Steele, historical significance
History of Peaks Island
Originally called Pond Island, it has had several name changes. It was once named after Michael Mitton and then Munjoy’s Island, before finally becoming known as Peaks Island.
Key Historical Points:
- It was home to Battery Steele during World War II, which housed two massive 16-inch (406-mm) guns to protect the U.S. coast.
- The island has seen several notable visitors and performers, including George M. Cohan and Martin Landau, who staged productions at the island’s theaters.
Practice Problem:
- What was the original name of Peaks Island?
- Name one significant historical structure located on Peaks Island.
Life on Peaks Island Today
Despite its small size, this Island is a fully functioning community with essential services like schools, a police station, and a library. It’s the only island in Casco Bay where cars are allowed, which makes it accessible and easy to navigate.
Key Community Features:
- Transportation: The island is connected to Portland by the Casco Bay Lines ferry.
- Businesses: Visitors and residents can enjoy local shops, kayak and golf cart rentals, restaurants, and the quirky Umbrella Cover Museum.
Checklist for Visitors:
- Take a walk to explore Battery Steele.
- Rent a kayak or golf cart for easy island exploration.
- Visit the Fifth Maine Regiment Museum to learn more about local history.
Summary: This Island balances its small-town charm with essential services and a variety of businesses, making it a self-sustained and vibrant community.
Notable Visitors and Events
It has a rich history of notable performances and visitors:
- George M. Cohan tried out productions at the island’s Gem Theater before taking them to Broadway.
- Martin Landau, a famous actor, made his stage debut here.
Unfortunately, the Gem Theater burned down in 1934, and many other significant buildings were lost in subsequent fires. However, the island continues to celebrate its artistic past.
Key Takeaway: It has played a significant role in both local and national cultural history.
Secession Movements: The Push for Independence
Peaks Island has seen multiple attempts to secede from Portland and form its own town. The most recent movement occurred between 2004 and 2011 when island property taxes skyrocketed by over 200 percent.
Key Events:
- In 2006, 57% of the island’s residents voted in favor of secession.
- Despite strong support on the island, the Portland City Council opposed the move, and the legislation for secession was halted in 2007.
Interactive Activity:
- Discuss why Peaks Island residents may have wanted to secede. What advantages and disadvantages would this bring?
Summary: While there have been multiple efforts for secession, Peaks Island remains part of Portland, Maine.
Exploring Peaks Island: Historical Landmarks and Attractions
It offers a variety of landmarks for visitors:
- Battery Steele: One of the largest remaining coastal defense installations in the U.S.
- Fifth Maine Regiment Museum: Dedicated to preserving the island’s role in the Civil War.
- Umbrella Cover Museum: A quirky museum that celebrates the everyday item of umbrella covers.
Quick Checklist for First-Time Visitors:
- Visit Battery Steele to explore World War II history.
- Take a scenic walk along the Eastern Promenade.
- Don’t miss the Fifth Maine Regiment Museum for Civil War history.
Practice Problem:
- What historical role did Battery Steele serve during World War II?
Peaks Island Today: A Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Destination
Peaks Island residents are passionate about preserving the island’s natural beauty. Local efforts include beach clean-ups, recycling programs, and the work of the Peaks Island Land Preserve to protect open spaces.
Sustainability Efforts:
- Recycling Programs: Islanders participate in eco-friendly initiatives to maintain the island’s cleanliness.
- Beach Clean-Ups: Volunteers regularly organize events to keep the beaches clean and free from debris.
Checklist for Environmental Visitors:
- Take part in local beach clean-ups.
- Respect the environment by following leave-no-trace principles.
- Visit the Peaks Island Land Preserve to learn about conservation efforts.
Summary: Peaks Island is committed to sustainability, with ongoing efforts to maintain its natural beauty and ensure a thriving ecosystem.
Key Takeaways: Peaks Island in Summary
This Island offers a unique combination of historical richness, vibrant community life, and natural beauty. Here are the key points to remember:
- History: Rich with landmarks like Battery Steele and a history of notable cultural events.
- Community: A self-sustained island with essential services and thriving businesses.
- Attractions: Diverse landmarks, museums, and natural beauty make it a perfect destination for tourists.
- Sustainability: Islanders are actively engaged in preserving the island’s environment.
Practice Problems:
- Name two main historical attractions on Peaks Island.
- What is the importance of sustainability efforts on the island?
Interactive Task: Imagine you’re planning a day on Peaks Island. Create a simple itinerary based on the attractions and activities mentioned in this blog.
Final Thought: A Visit to Peaks Island
Whether you’re a history buff, nature lover, or simply looking for a peaceful retreat, it is a destination that will charm and inspire you. With its deep historical roots, vibrant community, and commitment to sustainability, it offers a perfect blend of past and present. Make sure to plan your visit and experience this hidden gem of Casco Bay.
