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Table of contents
Introduction to Sustainable Development
Since the beginning of the 20th century, developed Western nations initiated unbridled exploitation of natural resources, relying on technology without considering the limits of environmental tolerance. By the late 1960s, the adverse consequences of rapid industrialization became evident. Increased awareness prompted concerns about environmental issues. People realized that unchecked development not only impacts the current generation but also jeopardizes the lives of future generations.
In 1968, Ehrlich’s book “The Population Bomb“ and Meadows‘ “The Limits to Growth” in 1972 heightened awareness about environmental degradation. In response, the concept of sustainable development emerged, aiming to balance progress with environmental preservation.
Meaning of Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development means ensuring the well-being of the current generation while safeguarding natural resources for future generations.” This philosophy advocates for economic development that stays within the sustainable limits of the environment, providing for present needs without compromising the prospects of future generations.
The term “sustainable development” first appeared in the Cocoyoc Declaration on Environment and Development in 1970, gaining a comprehensive definition in the 1987 Brundtland Commission’s report, “Our Common Future.”
The definition has evolved over time, with scholars like Shrikumar Chattopadhyay emphasizing the enhancement of human life within the capacity of ecological systems.
Elements of Sustainable Development
Brown and others (1987) and Lele (1989) outlined key elements:
- Existence of All Forms of Life: Ensuring the survival of all living beings.
- Meeting Basic Requirements: Fulfilling the fundamental needs of all living beings, especially humans.
- Protection of Bio-physical Productivity: Preserving the productivity of living organisms.
- Economic Efficiency and Development of Man: Enhancing human economic capacity and development.
- Conservation of Environment and Ecology: Safeguarding the environment and ecological systems.
- Inter and Intra Generational Equity: Ensuring equality among different generations.
- Social Justice and Self-Dependence: Upholding social justice and fostering self-reliance.
- Participation of Common Man: Involving the common people in decision-making.
- Stability in Population Growth Rate: Maintaining stability in population growth.
- Observance of Human Values: Upholding fundamental human values.
Diverse Perspectives on Sustainability
The Rio Earth Summit in June 1992 highlighted differing views on sustainability between developed and developing nations. Developed nations believed in mitigating small environmental impacts through technological solutions to boost current development rates. Conversely, developing nations aimed to address poverty first, considering it the biggest environmental pollutant. They proposed that developed nations assist them in maintaining environmental quality.
Dynamic Nature of Sustainable Development
Sustainable development is not a static concept. Its definition varies among nations based on their cultural, political, and economic contexts. It is a dynamic ideology that evolves with time, adapting to the unique circumstances and needs of different societies.
Conclusion
Sustainable development is a continuous, dynamic process that strives to harmonize human progress with ecological integrity. It requires a delicate balance between present needs and future aspirations, urging nations to collaborate in preserving the environment for the well-being of all.
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