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Why is Chabahar Port in News?
In May 2024, India and Iran signed a 10-year agreement for the management of Chabahar Port, strengthening India’s role in regional connectivity. This port has gained global attention because it allows India to bypass Pakistan and directly access Afghanistan and Central Asia. Its role in the International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) makes it a strategic game-changer.
Where is Chabahar Port located?
Chabahar Port is located in southeastern Iran’s Sistan-Baluchestan province, on the Gulf of Oman. It is the only oceanic port of Iran and has immense geographical and geopolitical significance.
- It consists of two main terminals: Shahid Kalantari and Shahid Beheshti.
- India has played a vital role in the development of the Shahid Beheshti terminal.
- The port connects the Arabian Sea with landlocked countries like Afghanistan.
Why is Chabahar Port Important for India?
Chabahar Port is not just a trade hub; it is a strategic lifeline for India:
- Bypasses Pakistan: Gives India direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia without relying on Pakistan.
- Part of INSTC: Links India with Russia, Europe, and Central Asia through a shorter trade route.
- Boosts Trade: Reduces cost and time of transporting goods.
- Strengthens Diplomacy: Enhances India’s influence in Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia.
Fact: Using Chabahar, trade between India and Afghanistan has already increased, especially in food and construction materials.
What is the Geographical Importance of Chabahar Port?
- Located on the Gulf of Oman, near the mouth of the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20% of the world’s oil passes.
- It is strategically opposite Gwadar Port (Pakistan), which is operated by China.
- Serves as a gateway to landlocked Afghanistan and Central Asia’s resource-rich regions like Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan.
- Forms part of the Blue Economy Strategy for India.
Fact: The distance from Kandla Port (India) to Chabahar is only 550 nautical miles, making it closer than India’s route via Pakistan.
How Does Chabahar Port Affect India-China-Pakistan Relations?
- Counters China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Gwadar Port in Pakistan.
- Reduces India’s dependence on traditional routes blocked by Pakistan.
- Strengthens India’s position in Indian Ocean geopolitics.
Fact: While China invests heavily in Gwadar Port, India’s role in Chabahar balances regional power dynamics.
Quick Exam Facts about Chabahar Port
- Location: Southeastern Iran, Gulf of Oman.
- Developed by: India and Iran (focus on Shahid Beheshti terminal).
- Nearest rival port: Gwadar Port (Pakistan).
- Importance for India: Access to Afghanistan & Central Asia, part of INSTC.
- Recent Development: 10-year India-Iran deal signed in May 2024.
- Unique Feature: Only oceanic port of Iran.
FAQs
Q1. Where is Chabahar Port located?
It is located in southeastern Iran, Sistan-Baluchestan province, on the Gulf of Oman.
Q2. Why is Chabahar Port important for India?
It provides direct access to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan, and plays a key role in the INSTC corridor.
Q3. What is the difference between Chabahar and Gwadar Port?
Chabahar is developed with India’s help, while Gwadar is controlled by China under CPEC (China-Pakistan Economic Corridor).
Q4. What recent agreement was signed on Chabahar Port?
In May 2024, India signed a 10-year deal with Iran to operate Chabahar Port.
Q5. Which countries benefit the most from Chabahar Port?
India, Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asian countries benefit most as it improves regional trade.
