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Why is Periyar River in News Recently?
Periyar River is currently in the news due to ongoing and severe pollution issues that have caused major environmental and ecological distress in Kerala. The Kerala High Court has repeatedly urged the state and central governments to take urgent, concrete measures to clean the Periyar and address pollution from over 250 industries along its banks, particularly focusing on harmful effluents and solid waste dumping.
Origin and Course of Periyar River?
The Periyar River originates from the Sivagiri Hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala at an elevation of about 1,800 meters. It flows for nearly 244 km, passing through the districts of Idukki, Ernakulam, and Alappuzha, before draining into the Vembanad Lake. Periyar is called the “Lifeline of Kerala” because it supports major cities like Kochi with drinking water and irrigation.
Why is Periyar River Important Geographically?
The river plays a vital role in Kerala’s agriculture and economy. It irrigates fertile plains, powers Idukki Hydroelectric Project, and sustains industries around Kochi. Periyar provides over 30% of Kerala’s hydropower, making it the backbone of the state’s energy resources.
Ecological Significance of Periyar River?
The Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary in Thekkady, situated along its banks, is home to elephants, tigers, gaur, and rich birdlife. The river also supports extensive wetlands, mangroves, and fisheries in the Vembanad estuary. The Vembanad Lake, fed by Periyar, is a Ramsar site, recognized for its global ecological importance.
Major Dams and Projects on Periyar River?
Some of the most important structures are:
- Idukki Dam – One of Asia’s tallest arch dams.
- Mullaperiyar Dam – A controversial dam located in the upper course, supplying water to Tamil Nadu.
- Idamalayar Dam – Key for flood control and irrigation.
Fact: The Mullaperiyar Dam dispute between Kerala and Tamil Nadu has made Periyar one of the most politically and legally significant rivers in India.
FAQs
Q1. Where does Periyar River originate?
Periyar originates from Sivagiri Hills of the Western Ghats in Kerala.
Q2. Why is Periyar called the Lifeline of Kerala?
Because it supplies drinking water, irrigation, and hydropower to central Kerala and Kochi.
Q3. Which famous dams are built on Periyar?
Mullaperiyar, Idukki, and Idamalayar dams are the major ones.
Q4. What is the ecological importance of Periyar?
It sustains the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary and contributes to the Vembanad Ramsar Wetland ecosystem.
Q5. Why is Periyar River often in news?
Due to Mullaperiyar Dam disputes, hydropower projects, and conservation concerns.
