Exercise
Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
(i) Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
a) Farming
b) Trading
c) Weaving
d) Hunting
Answer: b) Trading
(ii) Which one of the following activities is NOT a secondary sector activity?
a) Iron Smelting
b) Catching fish
c) Making garments
d) Basket Weaving
Answer: b) Catching fish
(iii) Which one of the following sectors provides most of the employment in Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata?
a) Primary
b) Quaternary
c) Secondary
d) Service
Answer: d) Service
(iv) Jobs that involve high degrees and level of innovations are known as:
a) Secondary activities
b) Quaternary activities
c) Quinary activities
d) Primary activities
Answer: c) Quinary activities
(v) Which one of the following activities is related to the quaternary sector?
a) Manufacturing computers
b) Paper and Raw pulp production
c) University teaching
d) Printing books
Answer: c) University teaching
(vi) Which one out of the following statements is NOT true?
a) Outsourcing reduces costs and increases efficiency.
b) At times engineering and manufacturing jobs can also be outsourced.
c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
d) There may be dissatisfaction among job seekers in the countries that outsource the job.
Answer: c) BPOs have better business opportunities as compared to KPOs.
Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
(i) Explain retail trading service.
Retail trading involves the direct sale of goods and services to consumers. It includes small scale transactions like shops, malls, and online platforms. The products are sold to the final users for personal consumption.
(ii) Describe quaternary services.
Quaternary services include information related services such as research, development, education, and information technology. These services focus on generating and distributing knowledge and are an advanced form of the tertiary sector.
(iii) Name the fastest emerging countries of medical tourism in the world.
Countries like India, Thailand, Singapore, and Malaysia are emerging as top destinations for medical tourism due to their affordable, high quality healthcare services.
(iv) What is the digital divide?
The digital divide refers to the gap between those who have access to modern information and communication technology (like the internet and computers) and those who do not. This divide exists between countries and within countries, especially between urban and rural areas.
Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:
(i) Discuss the significance and growth of the service sector in modern economic development.
The service sector plays a crucial role in modern economies by providing employment and contributing significantly to GDP. It includes a wide range of activities like education, healthcare, retail, tourism, and finance. As economies develop, there is a shift from primary (agriculture) and secondary (manufacturing) sectors to services due to technological advancements and higher disposable incomes. The growth of the service sector fosters overall economic growth by improving infrastructure, creating job opportunities, and promoting innovations in technology and communication.
(ii) Explain in detail the significance of transport and communication services.
Transport and communication services are vital for economic growth as they facilitate the movement of people, goods, and information. Efficient transport systems reduce costs, improve accessibility, and link remote areas to economic hubs, promoting trade and industry. Similarly, advanced communication systems enable the rapid exchange of information, making businesses more efficient and connecting individuals globally. The development of modern technologies such as the internet and mobile networks has revolutionized communication, leading to a more interconnected world and enhancing the speed of economic transactions.
Based on NCERT 12th Chapter 7 “Tertiary and Quaternary Activities,” here are important short answer type questions (other than exercises) often asked in previous NCERT 12th class examinations and in UPSC.
1. What are tertiary activities?
Tertiary activities involve providing services rather than producing tangible goods. These include professions like doctors, teachers, lawyers, and transport workers. These activities are key in developed economies where most people are engaged in service based jobs.
2. Explain the role of transportation in tertiary activities.
Transport is a crucial service that physically moves people, materials, and products from one place to another. It adds value to goods and services by making them accessible, thus assisting in production, distribution, and consumption.
3. What are retail trading services?
Retail trading involves selling goods directly to consumers. It usually takes place in fixed shops or stores but can also include mobile services like street vending, online trading, and door to door sales.
4. Define wholesale trading and how it differs from retail trading.
Wholesale trading involves bulk buying and selling through intermediaries, often to retailers, who then sell to consumers. Wholesalers often deal in large quantities and provide credit to retailers, unlike retail traders who sell directly to consumers.
5. What are periodic markets, and where are they commonly found?
Periodic markets are markets that operate on specific days in rural areas where no regular markets exist. They are held weekly or biweekly to meet the accumulated demand of people in surrounding villages.
6. What are quaternary activities?
Quaternary activities are knowledge based services such as research, education, consulting, and information technology. They involve the collection and dissemination of information, contributing to the modern economy’s growth.
7. Describe the concept of outsourcing in tertiary activities.
Outsourcing involves contracting work to an external agency to reduce costs and improve efficiency. It includes tasks like customer service, data processing, and IT services, often outsourced to countries with cheaper labor.
8. What factors influence the location of tourism activities?
Tourism is influenced by factors like climate, scenic beauty, history, culture, and accessibility. Popular tourist destinations often have favorable climates, rich heritage, and good transport facilities to attract visitors.
9. How do telecommunication advancements impact the service sector?
Advancements in telecommunications, such as mobile phones and the internet, have revolutionized communication by making it faster and more accessible. These technologies support global business, education, and healthcare services.
10. What are footloose industries, and why are they considered part of the tertiary sector?
Footloose industries can be located anywhere since they do not depend on specific raw materials. These industries often involve information services, consulting, and customer support, falling under the tertiary sector.
11. How has tourism become an important tertiary activity globally?
Tourism generates employment and revenue by attracting people for leisure and recreation. It supports industries like hospitality, transportation, and retail while fostering infrastructure development in popular regions.
12. What is the digital divide, and why is it a concern?
The digital divide refers to the gap between regions with easy access to digital and communication technologies and those without. It affects economic growth, educational opportunities, and social equality in underdeveloped regions.
13. Explain the difference between urban and rural marketing centers.
Urban marketing centers are more specialized, offering a wide range of goods and services, while rural centers cater to basic needs with limited services. Urban centers are more developed, with facilities like education, healthcare, and trade services.
14. What is the role of quinary activities in the economy?
Quinary activities involve high level decision making and policy formulation. They include jobs held by government officials, CEOs, and senior researchers, contributing to strategic planning and innovation in an economy.
15. What factors affect the growth of the service sector in modern economies?
Factors like technological advancements, urbanization, rising income levels, and globalization have boosted the growth of the service sector. As economies develop, more workers shift from primary and secondary sectors to service oriented jobs.
16. How has the medical tourism sector grown in countries like India?
India has become a leading destination for medical tourism due to affordable healthcare, skilled doctors, and advanced medical facilities. Patients from countries like the USA seek treatment for surgeries and other medical procedures at lower costs.
17. Why are transport and communication essential for modern economic development?
Efficient transport and communication systems facilitate trade, access to services, and economic growth. They reduce the time and cost of moving goods and information, improving productivity and connecting markets.
18. What are the benefits of outsourcing for developing countries?
Outsourcing creates jobs and brings foreign investment into developing countries. It allows companies to utilize cheaper skilled labor, boosting the economy and reducing the need for migration from those countries.
19. Describe the role of knowledge based industries in quaternary activities.
Knowledge Based industries focus on information processing, research, and innovation. These industries, such as IT, consulting, and finance, play a key role in shaping the modern economy by contributing to productivity and technological progress.
20. What are the key components of a developed transport network?
A developed transport network consists of interconnected nodes and links, allowing easy access and mobility between different regions. It enhances economic activities by efficiently moving goods, people, and services.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
Here are 20 MCQs based on NCERT Class 12 Geography Chapter 7, “Tertiary and Quaternary Activities.” These questions target key concepts, and the answers are listed at the end. These are designed to be helpful for previous NCERT 12th class examinations and UPSC.
1. Which one of the following is a tertiary activity?
(a) Farming
(b) Trading
(c) Weaving
(d) Hunting
Answer: (b) Trading
2. Which of the following is not a secondary sector activity?
(a) Iron smelting
(b) Catching fish
(c) Making garments
(d) Basket weaving
Answer: (b) Catching fish
3. Which sector provides most of the employment in metropolitan cities like Delhi and Mumbai?
(a) Primary
(b) Quaternary
(c) Service
(d) Secondary
Answer: (c) Service
4. Jobs that involve high levels of innovation and decision making belong to:
(a) Quinary activities
(b) Secondary activities
(c) Primary activities
(d) Tertiary activities
Answer: (a) Quinary activities
5. Which one of the following activities is related to the quaternary sector?
(a) Manufacturing computers
(b) University teaching
(c) Paper and raw pulp production
(d) Printing books
Answer: (b) University teaching
6. Which one of the following factors has contributed to the growth of the service sector?
(a) Decline in agricultural productivity
(b) Technological advancements
(c) Lack of manufacturing jobs
(d) Urbanization
Answer: (b) Technological advancements
7. Which of the following countries is emerging as a hub for medical tourism?
(a) Germany
(b) Japan
(c) India
(d) Brazil
Answer: (c) India
8. What is outsourcing?
(a) Establishing industries in foreign countries
(b) Giving work to outside agencies to improve efficiency
(c) Expanding domestic markets
(d) Importing goods from abroad
Answer: (b) Giving work to outside agencies to improve efficiency
9. Which one of the following is not true about the digital divide?
(a) It refers to uneven access to information technology
(b) It exists only between countries
(c) It creates a gap in technological access within countries
(d) It affects global economic development
Answer: (b) It exists only between countries
10. Which of the following sectors is most related to knowledge processing outsourcing (KPO)?
(a) Manufacturing
(b) Agriculture
(c) Research and development
(d) Retail
Answer: (c) Research and development
11. Which sector is mainly responsible for providing services like health care, education, and management?
(a) Primary sector
(b) Quaternary sector
(c) Tertiary sector
(d) Secondary sector
Answer: (c) Tertiary sector
12. Which one of the following best explains quaternary activities?
(a) Physical labor
(b) Information and knowledge based services
(c) Construction work
(d) Agriculture
Answer: (b) Information and knowledge based services
13. Which one of the following is an example of a low order service?
(a) Grocery shop
(b) Legal consultancy
(c) University teaching
(d) Research scientist
Answer: (a) Grocery shop
14. Which factor is essential for the growth of tourism?
(a) Urbanization
(b) Political stability
(c) Access to attractive environments
(d) Decline in manufacturing
Answer: (c) Access to attractive environments
15. What is the main difference between tertiary and secondary activities?
(a) Tertiary activities involve skilled labor and professional services
(b) Tertiary activities produce raw materials
(c) Secondary activities do not involve labor
(d) Secondary activities provide services
Answer: (a) Tertiary activities involve skilled labor and professional services
16. Which of the following is a high order service?
(a) Barbershop
(b) IT consultancy
(c) Plumber
(d) Driver
Answer: (b) IT consultancy
17. The quinary sector mainly involves:
(a) Routine jobs
(b) High Level decision making and policy creation
(c) Transportation services
(d) Manufacturing
Answer: (b) High Level decision making and policy creation
18. Which one of the following factors is crucial for the growth of the service sector in modern economies?
(a) Decline in natural resources
(b) Globalization and technological innovation
(c) Population growth
(d) Climate change
Answer: (b) Globalization and technological innovation
19. Which one of the following is a key component of quaternary activities?
(a) Mining
(b) Data processing
(c) Textile manufacturing
(d) Agriculture
Answer: (b) Data processing
20. What does the term ‘digital divide’ refer to?
(a) Unequal access to technology and the internet
(b) The gap between rural and urban population
(c) Difference in education levels
(d) Inequality in income distribution
Answer: (a) Unequal access to technology and the internet
Other Chapter
| Chapter 1:- Human Geography: Nature and Scope | Chapter 2:- The World Population: Distribution, Density and Growth |
| Chapter 3:- Population Composition | Chapter 4:- Human Development |
| Chapter 5:- Primary Activities | Chapter 6:- Secondary Activities |
| Chapter 8:- Transport and Communication | Chapter 9:- International Trade |
| Chapter 10:- Human Settlements |
